📕 Chapter 3: A Long and Illustrious History

3.2.6 The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses

2 paragraphs · 5 questions

The Hundred Years War was a series of wars between England and France that lasted from 1337 to 1453. English kings claimed the right to the French throne. Famous English victories included the Battle of Crécy (1346) and the Battle of Agincourt (1415), where Henry V defeated a much larger French army. However, England eventually lost the war and all its territory in France except Calais.

Key Facts

  • Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 between England and France
  • Battle of Crécy (1346) and Agincourt (1415) were English victories
  • England eventually lost, keeping only Calais
The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses (illustration 1)
Illustration: The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses

After the Hundred Years War, England was torn apart by a civil war known as the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). This was a struggle for the throne between two branches of the royal family: the House of Lancaster (whose symbol was a red rose) and the House of York (whose symbol was a white rose). The wars ended when Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

Key Facts

  • Wars of the Roses: 1455-1485
  • Lancaster (red rose) vs York (white rose)
  • Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field 1485
The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses (illustration 2)
Illustration: The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses

📝 学习笔记

  • 英法百年战争从 1337 年持续到 1453 年。
    • 英法百年战争:1337-1453 年,英格兰与法国之间
    • 克雷西战役(1346 年)和阿金库尔战役(1415 年)是英格兰的胜利
    • 英格兰最终战败,仅保留 Calais
  • Henry V 在 1415 年的阿金库尔战役中击败了一支规模大得多的法国军队。
    • 英法百年战争:1337-1453 年,英格兰与法国之间
    • 克雷西战役(1346 年)和阿金库尔战役(1415 年)是英格兰的胜利
    • 英格兰最终战败,仅保留 Calais
  • 玫瑰战争是兰开斯特家族和约克家族之间的内战。
    • 英法百年战争:1337-1453 年,英格兰与法国之间
    • 克雷西战役(1346 年)和阿金库尔战役(1415 年)是英格兰的胜利
    • 英格兰最终战败,仅保留 Calais
  • 玫瑰战争于 1485 年在博斯沃思平原战役中结束。
    • 英法百年战争:1337-1453 年,英格兰与法国之间
    • 克雷西战役(1346 年)和阿金库尔战役(1415 年)是英格兰的胜利
    • 英格兰最终战败,仅保留 Calais
  • 兰开斯特家族的象征是红玫瑰;约克家族的象征是白玫瑰。
    • 英法百年战争:1337-1453 年,英格兰与法国之间
    • 克雷西战役(1346 年)和阿金库尔战役(1415 年)是英格兰的胜利
    • 英格兰最终战败,仅保留 Calais

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