📕 Chapter 3: A Long and Illustrious History

3.3.8 Charles I and the English Civil War

3 paragraphs ¡ 6 questions

Charles I became king in 1625 and, like his father James I, believed in the divine right of kings. He frequently clashed with Parliament over money and religion. In 1629, he dissolved Parliament and ruled alone for 11 years (known as the 'Personal Rule' or 'Eleven Years' Tyranny'). When he recalled Parliament in 1640, the conflicts escalated.

Key Facts

  • Charles I became king 1625, believed in divine right
  • Dissolved Parliament 1629, ruled alone for 11 years
  • Recalled Parliament 1640, conflicts escalated

The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalists (Cavaliers), who supported the king, and the Parliamentarians (Roundheads), who supported Parliament. The war was fought across England, Scotland, and Wales. The Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, eventually won. Charles I was tried for treason and executed in 1649 — the first time an English king had been publicly tried and executed.

Key Facts

  • Civil War 1642: Royalists (Cavaliers) vs Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
  • Oliver Cromwell led Parliamentarians to victory
  • Charles I executed 1649 — first English king publicly executed
Charles I and the English Civil War (illustration 1)
Illustration: Charles I and the English Civil War

The execution of Charles I was a momentous event. It established the principle that even a king could be held accountable for his actions. After the king's death, England became a republic known as the Commonwealth, with no monarch. This period lasted until 1660.

Key Facts

  • Execution established king's accountability
  • England became a republic — the Commonwealth
  • Republic lasted until 1660
Charles I and the English Civil War (illustration 2)
Illustration: Charles I and the English Civil War

📝 āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āύ⧋āϟ

  • The English Civil War āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞ Royalists (Cavaliers) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Parliamentarians (Roundheads)-āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇āĨ¤
    • Charles I 1625 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻž āĻšāύ, āϐāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ
    • 1629 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āύ, 11 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ
    • 1640 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ
  • The English Civil War 1642 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
    • Charles I 1625 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻž āĻšāύ, āϐāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ
    • 1629 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āύ, 11 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ
    • 1640 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ
  • Charles I āϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĻā§āϰ⧋āĻšāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϝ⧋āϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 1649 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤
    • Charles I 1625 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻž āĻšāύ, āϐāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ
    • 1629 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āύ, 11 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ
    • 1640 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ
  • āĻ…āϞāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϞāĻžāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ⧀āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻĨ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤
    • Charles I 1625 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻž āĻšāύ, āϐāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ
    • 1629 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āύ, 11 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ
    • 1640 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ
  • 'Personal Rule' āĻ›āĻŋāϞ 1629 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϚāĻžāĻ°ā§āϞāϏ Parliament āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 11 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
    • Charles I 1625 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻž āĻšāύ, āϐāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ
    • 1629 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āύ, 11 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ
    • 1640 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ
  • āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϚāĻžāĻ°ā§āϞāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰ, āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ•āĻŽāύāĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞāĻĨ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāϤāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
    • Charles I 1625 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻž āĻšāύ, āϐāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ
    • 1629 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āύ, 11 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ
    • 1640 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Parliament āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžā§Ÿ āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āϏāĻ‚āϘāĻžāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ

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