📕 Chapter 3: A Long and Illustrious History

3.2.6 The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses

2 paragraphs ¡ 5 questions

The Hundred Years War was a series of wars between England and France that lasted from 1337 to 1453. English kings claimed the right to the French throne. Famous English victories included the Battle of CrÊcy (1346) and the Battle of Agincourt (1415), where Henry V defeated a much larger French army. However, England eventually lost the war and all its territory in France except Calais.

Key Facts

  • Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 between England and France
  • Battle of CrÊcy (1346) and Agincourt (1415) were English victories
  • England eventually lost, keeping only Calais
The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses (illustration 1)
Illustration: The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses

After the Hundred Years War, England was torn apart by a civil war known as the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). This was a struggle for the throne between two branches of the royal family: the House of Lancaster (whose symbol was a red rose) and the House of York (whose symbol was a white rose). The wars ended when Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

Key Facts

  • Wars of the Roses: 1455-1485
  • Lancaster (red rose) vs York (white rose)
  • Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field 1485
The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses (illustration 2)
Illustration: The Hundred Years War and Wars of the Roses

📝 āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āύ⧋āϟ

  • Hundred Years War 1337 āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ 1453 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϚāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
    • Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ“ āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
    • CrÊcy-āϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1346) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Agincourt-āĻāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1415) āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧ
    • āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšā§‡āϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ Calais āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇
  • Henry V 1415 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Agincourt-āĻāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āϏ⧇āύāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ⧀āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻžāϜāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
    • Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ“ āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
    • CrÊcy-āϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1346) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Agincourt-āĻāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1415) āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧ
    • āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšā§‡āϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ Calais āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇
  • Wars of the Roses āĻ›āĻŋāϞ House of Lancaster āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ House of York-āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšāϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĨ¤
    • Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ“ āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
    • CrÊcy-āϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1346) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Agincourt-āĻāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1415) āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧ
    • āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšā§‡āϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ Calais āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇
  • Wars of the Roses 1485 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ Bosworth Field-āĻāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
    • Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ“ āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
    • CrÊcy-āϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1346) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Agincourt-āĻāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1415) āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧ
    • āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšā§‡āϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ Calais āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇
  • House of Lancaster-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤ⧀āĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϞāĻžāϞ āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻžāĻĒ; House of York-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤ⧀āĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻžāĻĒāĨ¤
    • Hundred Years War: 1337-1453 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ“ āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
    • CrÊcy-āϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1346) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Agincourt-āĻāϰ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ (1415) āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧ
    • āχāĻ‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšā§‡āϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ Calais āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇

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