📕 Chapter 3: A Long and Illustrious History

3.1.2 The Romans

3 paragraphs ¡ 6 questions

Julius Caesar led a Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC, but it was not successful. The Romans did not conquer Britain until AD 43, under Emperor Claudius. The Romans ruled most of Britain for nearly 400 years. They built roads, public buildings, a system of law, and many towns, including Londinium (London), which became an important trading centre.

Key Facts

  • Julius Caesar invaded in 55 BC but failed
  • Romans conquered Britain in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius
  • Romans ruled for nearly 400 years and built roads, towns, and Londinium (London)

The Romans never conquered the whole of Britain. They could not defeat the tribes in Scotland (known as the Picts and the Scots). Emperor Hadrian built a wall across northern England to keep out the northern tribes. Hadrian's Wall, built starting in AD 122, ran from the Solway Firth to the River Tyne and can still be seen today.

Key Facts

  • Romans never conquered Scotland
  • Hadrian's Wall built starting AD 122
  • Wall ran from Solway Firth to River Tyne
The Romans (illustration 1)
Illustration: The Romans

The Romans left Britain in AD 410 to defend other parts of the Roman Empire. By this time, many people in Britain had adopted Roman customs, the Latin language, and Christianity. When the Romans left, Britain was no longer protected by the Roman army and became vulnerable to invasion by other groups.

Key Facts

  • Romans left Britain in AD 410
  • Many Britons had adopted Roman customs and Christianity
  • Britain became vulnerable to invasion after Romans left
The Romans (illustration 2)
Illustration: The Romans

📝 āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āύ⧋āϟ

  • Julius Caesar 55 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāϪ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϤāĻž āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĨ¤
    • Julius Caesar 55 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    • Emperor Claudius-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 43 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 400 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž, āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ“ Londinium (London) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • Emperor Claudius-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 43 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
    • Julius Caesar 55 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    • Emperor Claudius-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 43 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 400 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž, āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ“ Londinium (London) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • Hadrian's Wall āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ (Picts āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Scots) āϠ⧇āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇, āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻžāϜāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤
    • Julius Caesar 55 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    • Emperor Claudius-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 43 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 400 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž, āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ“ Londinium (London) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 410 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝāĨ¤
    • Julius Caesar 55 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    • Emperor Claudius-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 43 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 400 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž, āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ“ Londinium (London) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž London-āϕ⧇ 'Londinium' āĻŦāϞāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
    • Julius Caesar 55 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    • Emperor Claudius-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 43 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 400 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž, āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ“ Londinium (London) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • Hadrian's Wall-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ AD 122 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ Solway Firth āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ River Tyne āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
    • Julius Caesar 55 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    • Emperor Claudius-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž AD 43 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ āϜāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    • āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 400 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž, āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ“ Londinium (London) āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ

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