📕 Chapter 3: A Long and Illustrious History

3.1.1 Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age

2 paragraphs ¡ 5 questions

The first people to live in Britain were hunter-gatherers who arrived during the Stone Age, when Britain was still connected to the continent by a land bridge. The earliest known settlement is Skara Brae on Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland, which dates back about 5,000 years. These early people built monuments such as Stonehenge in Wiltshire.

Key Facts

  • First people were hunter-gatherers in the Stone Age
  • Skara Brae on Orkney is one of the oldest known settlements (~5,000 years)
  • Stonehenge was built during this period
Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age (illustration 1)
Illustration: Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age

The Bronze Age began around 2,000 BC when people learned to make tools and weapons from bronze. This was followed by the Iron Age, around 800 BC, when iron replaced bronze for tools and weapons. During the Iron Age, the people of Britain lived in hill forts and were organised into tribal groups. The language they spoke was part of the Celtic language family.

Key Facts

  • Bronze Age began ~2,000 BC
  • Iron Age began ~800 BC
  • Iron Age people lived in hill forts and spoke Celtic languages
Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age (illustration 2)
Illustration: Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age

📝 āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āύ⧋āϟ

  • Scotland-āĻāϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āωāĻĒāϕ⧂āϞ⧇āϰ Orkney-āϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ Skara Brae āĻšāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύāϤāĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ, āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 5,000 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻĒ⧁āϰāύ⧋āĨ¤
    • āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ-āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻ•
    • āĻ…āϰāĻ•āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ Skara Brae āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰāύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ~5,000 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ)
    • āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ Stonehenge āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • Stonehenge āĻšāϞ Wiltshire-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ—ā§ˆāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŽā§āĻ­, āϝāĻž Stone Age/Bronze Age āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
    • āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ-āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻ•
    • āĻ…āϰāĻ•āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ Skara Brae āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰāύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ~5,000 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ)
    • āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ Stonehenge āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‡āύ⧇āϰ āϞ⧌āĻš āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āϕ⧇āĻ˛ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤāĨ¤
    • āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ-āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻ•
    • āĻ…āϰāĻ•āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ Skara Brae āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰāύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ~5,000 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ)
    • āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ Stonehenge āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • āĻŦā§āϰ⧋āĻžā§āϜ āϝ⧁āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ 2,000 BC āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻŦā§āϰ⧋āĻžā§āϜ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
    • āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ-āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻ•
    • āĻ…āϰāĻ•āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ Skara Brae āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰāύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ~5,000 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ)
    • āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ Stonehenge āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
  • Skara Brae āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϟāĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āωāĻĒāϕ⧂āϞ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇, āĻ…āϰāĻ•āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
    • āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ-āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻ•
    • āĻ…āϰāĻ•āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ Skara Brae āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰāύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ~5,000 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ)
    • āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ Stonehenge āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ

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