2.1.5 UK population and demographics

The population of the UK is approximately 67 million people. England has the largest population at about 56 million. Scotland has about 5.5 million people, Wales about 3.1 million, and Northern Ireland about 1.9 million. The population has grown significantly through both natural increase and immigration.

The UK is an ethnically diverse country. According to census data, the largest ethnic group is White British, but significant communities of people with Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, African, and Caribbean heritage also live in the UK. This diversity is particularly notable in large cities like London, Birmingham, and Leicester.

The UK has an ageing population, which means the proportion of older people is increasing. About 18% of the population is aged 65 or over. Immigration has contributed to a younger, more diverse population, particularly in urban areas. English is the main language, but many other languages are spoken across the UK.